Who can imagine how much our self-identities change as we become more defined by algorithms and data sets controlling social media and our perceptions of the world? Now, we are growing closer to the edge of a world where artificial general intelligence will be guiding our worlds, 30 years in the past, who could’ve imagined the realms we would be living in and are on the trajectory to encounter? Artificial intelligence (AI) in smart devices is not only controlling our thinking processes but now combining forces with virtual reality creations and augmentation technologies in real time to influence the realities of our visions. With world-leading tech companies like Apple and Meta investing heavily into revolutionizing virtual and augmented reality technology it’s only a matter of time before we will face a huge difference in the generational gap in psychologies; based on this technological influence changing the meaning of realities in our social media, geo-navigation, professional and academic lives, how we act and react with the world around us. Being an early Gen-Z individual who witnessed the birth of iPhones and observed their profound impact on smartphone users and their psychology, as well as a user-experience designer, I am deeply concerned about the ongoing evolution of AI-powered smart devices such as the newly released Apple “Vision Pro” VR headset, creating the trend for augmented and virtual reality devices that will eventually replace our smartphones. According to world-renowned user-experience researcher Don Norman, the author of “The Design of Everyday Things (2013)” states, “The term affordances refers’ to the perceived and actual properties of the thing, primarily those fundamental properties that determine just how the thing could be used. Affordance provides strong clues to the operations of things (p. 9)”. By understanding how its affordances impact our day-to-day activities, we comprehend their influence on the future of design and our reactions to using them. Unsurprisingly, Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) devices will be influential in enhancing user capabilities and improving our functionality. It compels us to delve deeper into why these changes and impacts are both inevitable and imminent, as the integration of AR and VR technologies necessitates caution and careful analysis of its implications for the psychology and societal dynamics of the future generation Alpha.
As we embark on a new era of VR and AR devices powered by AI, we can understand the social dynamics that will characterize the mixed reality tools that immerse users in an augmented world further from the realities and possibilities our ancestors ever encountered. Consequently, concerns arise regarding the potential impact on the psychologies of individuals from Gen-Alpha and beyond. Understanding and adapting to these monumental changes in our perception requires us to understand technological evolution by its cycles and the scope of capabilities. Undoubtedly, technological evolution has led to differences in sociocultural connections and cognitive well-being compared to individuals from Gen-X and Millennials. According to Keywords for Media Studies, “[…] passing on knowledge can reinforce existing power structures and conceptions of reality (Ouellette, 2017)”. He implies how our conception of reality is visioned through social media and smartphones being a daily part of our lives, making users more confined in a “surveillance society (Layton, 2001)” constantly being in a fragile state of existence, as our privacy and reactions are becoming a commodity. The upcoming generation of users, accustomed to AI-powered VR and AR devices, holds the potential to reshape the existing power dynamics dominated by smartphones. These devices offer the capability to seamlessly integrate virtual elements into our 3D environment, transcending the limitations of traditional smartphones, which are confined to a 2.5D physical axis for navigational user-interface usability, outperforming the affordance smartphones can do.
Figure 1 shows Apple’s mixed reality headset, “Vision Pro” in a promotional video demonstrating its functionalities. Connects to the idea of why Apple’s Vision Pro might take control of the industries of VR and AR devices, it is not too far-fetched given its previous track record at revolutionizing smartphones and smartwatches. According to the findings of BBC News, being one of the leaders in the industry, Apple’s product ideology is always well-thought-out human-centric technology while having firm barriers for consumers to move elsewhere from their ecosystem (Porter, 2018). Relatively Apple company usually creates a repelling effect in their industry, as it has multiple times changed the game for the smartphone market with the Apple iPhone and its ecosystem, from setting a benchmark for pricing to removing headphone ports. This shift in usability and affordance changed the psychology of its current-generation consumers needing to adapt to wireless headphones, and the industry followed in its footsteps, accepting the steep flagship smartphone pricing of US$1,000 since its introduction of the iPhone X in 2017. In her book ‘Beautiful Users’ (2014), renowned graphic designer Ellen Lupton discusses the various factors that influence product development, ranging from manufacturers’ short-term economic interests to designers’ expressive or theoretical intentions, as well as a community’s entrenched habits and customs (p. 21). Though it takes a lot of research and development for a product to reach a benchmark in performance, once the product outperformance its competitors and becomes the flagship product in its industry, the manufacturer’s interest and the designer’s theoretical intent play a huge factor in setting the communities habitual purchasing power and their customs in constituting that industry. Apple’s iPhone X had done so with their pricing and setting the bounds of having no headphone jack. Similarly, when the price of the Apple Vision Pro’s price was announced at US$3499, many claimed it to be extreme, however, if we logically reason its steep pricing, we can connect to the points of the device being a first-generation one-of-a-kind device from Apple while offering to the users to being a part of their process of exponentially revolutionize the VR and AR headset industry. As it’s constantly breaking and creating benchmarks set for the tech industry.
With AR and VR devices being the latest emergence of these smart devices, the reality for its new-generation user’s learning, working, social-interacting and geo-navigating will change in many aspects of day-to-day user activities. Figure 2 shows such reactions and applications of the Vision Pro headset being played out in the real-world application, even though as means of a prank to see other people’s reactions, many users who can afford it are using the device in many unique ways to see the reactions of their surroundings, practically testing the limits to its human factors and influence when other non-consumers observe. As an observer, this sparks an image of how the world might become in the next 30 years; as more iterations get released, the market saturation and their prices will become normalized, eventually becoming our everyday objects in use. As stated by the famous comprehensive tech information site GSMArena states, “Make no mistake, […] It’s designed to replace them eventually (Prasad, 2023)”. By understanding the functionality of this device and the scope of its capabilities we should be cautious of its social implications, as the device can be used outdoors, making its usage more intimate and addictive to resist usage, for example, using it while on a flight to watch movies in an airplane. Yet, as someone who has seen society before the impacts of social media and prefers in-person connectivity, I would like to add that the future-generation consumer’s sense of social interactivity and experiencing their surrounding will change cognitively due to AI-incorporated perceptions influencing the next generation of user’s perspective on reality through the lens of VR and AR devices as such. Our burden of labour in reading and writing the world makes us who we are, with artificial intelligence increasingly influencing our decision-making, cognition, and freedom in accessing media and expressing worldview; drastically swing with artificial intelligence having the power to reshape our thinking and responses, subjugating and altering our perceptions and interactions. The current trajectory of improving technologies risks alienating our humanity and steering us towards a symbiotic relationship with artificial intelligence blurring the distinction between our human cognition and technological influence. To quote one of the co-founders of IDEO and industrial designer Bill Moggridge, found in ‘Designing for People (2014)’ by Ellen Lupton, “We are moving towards a more holistic view of design and its impact on the larger person, community, and world”. Understanding Figures 3A & B makes it more evident when we look at the past and present and try to predict the future of how technologies like smartphones and evolving AI technologies are designing and impacting not just us in individual psychology or generational ideological ways but also changing the world environmental state as a holistic community and its financial status quo.
So, we can consider VR and AR technology to envision potentially a vastly beneficial vision of the future where people with speaking disabilities will be able to communicate, with future generative AI having abilities to represent our thoughts into actions and integration of such technologies into our social media and smartphones will then help us detect our emotions and phycology more efficiently. As the researchers in psychology mention, “The enhanced resolution and field of view not only deepen user’s immersion in highly detailed and broad virtual environments but also significantly improve the ecological validity of psychological and emotional research within VR (Zhang et al., 2023)”. Herald’s a promising trajectory for future innovations and applications in VR-based emotional and behavioural studies. Other contrasting smart devices are also emerging in this sector of AR and VR devices, including top competitors such as Meta’s Ray-Ban smart glasses (AR) and Quest pro (VR), Microsoft’s Oculus (VR) headsets, and Neuralink’s “Telepathy N1” brain-computing-interface chip implants which offer users to control their computer or mobile devices using their brain frequency emerges, as all these AI-powered AR and VR devices are pushing to be in control of the narrative that will set them as the most commonly be used for the everyday AR/VR devices. Thus, this paints a compelling picture of how user experience in AR and VR devices with additional artificial intelligence features will change users’ cognitional processing and psychological ability to perform every task using such technologies and their evolutionary versions. Eventually, as more similar technologies evolve it is difficult not to be excited to be part of a world where you can move objects with your mind, yet as Figure 3B suggests, Roser states, “One reason why artificial intelligence is such an important innovation is that intelligence is the main driver of innovation itself. This fast-paced technological change could speed up even more if it is driven not only by humanity’s intelligence but also by artificial intelligence (2023)”. Meaning that it is likely within the next 30 years, as mentioned in Figure 3A expected by most experts in AI to become a reality, as well as the rate at which such innovations revolutionize it will be no surprise that what we had previously predicted a decade to make might take us a few years to achieve with human-level artificial intelligence helping us. Understanding our self-identity, which includes our moral compass and ideologies, and now becoming cautious about adapting these technologies is far more than a question to consider when using these soon-to-be future everyday design objects, just like the power of social media, news, and the internet controls us today.
Ultimately, we can uncover more about Apple’s Vision Pro and the influence the company, and these upcoming AI-powered VR and AR devices will have. While it’s not surprising to see them become the new everyday objects interacting in our lives, I hope I don’t get to see the day when people in the same house choose to talk to each other through their Apple Vision Pro instead of face-to-face. When compared to social media and smartphone effects over the last decade and on the individuals of Gen-Z. Presenting an image of what is yet to come. Knowing how much AI will control our psychology the individuals from Gen-alpha’s scope of possibility through their expanded power of affordances found in such VR and AR deceives will not only impact their realities but also the course of our humanistic self-identities. As we grow more towards a symbiotic relationship with our everyday tools, the boundaries between our conscious and unconscious choices blur more and more. Yes, these VR and AR devices have countless advantages for our society, especially for those who require accessible help throughout their livelihood in a communal world. However, being unaware of the psychological impacts that these technologies are also adapting to as their affordances in serving and helping us, yet not to be cautious about how much control we have over these devices and how much it will influence its users. On the one hand, because of such technologies travelling to unknown places without a map or a translator will be incredibly easy, and medical and health care will become even more advanced. On the other hand, imagine how extensive surveillance and freedom of exploring and experiencing something brand-new and unimaginable the Gen-alpha will let go of as these AI-powered virtual and augmented reality headsets will guide their stated path and predict visions on their behalf. At the end of the day, these tools are designed with humans in mind to serve and give them an advantage in various realms of reality the users want to be, whether it’s in space exploration or making a communal artificial world in social media, yet in true physical reality life might be different than these devices will mask.
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